Background: An article recently in the New York Times had the following headline: “GM Workers Begin Walkout Over Contract Impasse.” This is a good example of how a little background knowledge (information you know about a topic) can be useful in understanding more English. In the US, car manufacturers are one of the dwindling (decreasing) number of businesses where most of the workers are still part of a union (a group of workers who form an organization and negotiate their pay together with the company). The car industry (business) in the US has lost a lot of money in recent years, and the number of jobs has decreased. The union wants higher wages (the amount of money you get per hour) for its workers. For more information on unions in the US, listen to ESL Podcast 252 – A Workers Strike. In the Learning Guide for that episode, you can read about the major (important) unions in the US.
What the Headline Means: G.M. stands for (is an abbreviation for) General Motors, one of the largest car manufacturers in the world. These workers have been trying to come to an agreement – a contract – for several weeks. Now they have decided to have a walkout (when workers decide to go on strike, to stop working). This is the first national strike against G.M. since 1970. To walkout over means to leave because of something.
The key word in the headline is impasse. An impasse is when you and someone else can’t agree to something, even though you have tried and tried to come to an agreement. G.M. and the union of workers, the United Auto Workers (UAW) have not been able to agree on a contract.

Notice the initials “UAW” on the sign above. The words “Local 22″ refer to the local union organization that these men belong to. These signs are called picket signs, and the line that the workers form (make or create) in front of the business they are striking against is called a picket line. Companies often try to hire non-union replacement workers when a union goes on strike. These replacement workers are said to be crossing the picket line.
~Jeff